@Article{VerkhoglyadovaMMTHMHE:2016:ObMo,
               author = "Verkhoglyadova, Olga and Meng, Xing and Mannucci, Anthony J. and 
                         Tsurutani, Bruce T. and Hunt, Linda A. and Mlynczak, Martin G. and 
                         Hajra, Rajkumar and Emery, Barbara A.",
          affiliation = "{Jet Propulsion Laboratory} and {Jet Propulsion Laboratory} and 
                         {Jet Propulsion Laboratory} and {Jet Propulsion Laboratory} and 
                         {Sciences Systems and Applications} and {NASA Langley Research 
                         Center} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         HAO/NCAR",
                title = "Estimation of energy budget of ionosphere-thermosphere system 
                         during two CIR-HSS events: observations and modeling",
              journal = "Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate",
                 year = "2016",
               volume = "6",
                pages = "A20",
                month = "Apr.",
             keywords = "Ionosphere (general), Thermosphere, Energy distribution, Solar 
                         wind, Modelling.",
             abstract = "We analyze the energy budget of the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) 
                         system during two High-Speed Streams (HSSs) on 22-31 January, 2007 
                         (in the descending phase of solar cycle 23) and 25 April-2 May, 
                         2011 (in the ascending phase of solar cycle 24) to understand 
                         typical features, similarities, and differences in 
                         magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) coupling during HSS 
                         geomagnetic activity. We focus on the solar wind energy input into 
                         the magnetosphere (by using coupling functions) and energy 
                         partitioning within the IT system during these intervals. The 
                         Joule heating is estimated empirically. Hemispheric power is 
                         estimated based on satellite measurements. We utilize observations 
                         from TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics 
                         and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission 
                         Radiometry) to estimate nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) 
                         cooling emission fluxes. We perform a detailed modeling study of 
                         these two similar HSS events with the Global 
                         Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM) and different external 
                         driving inputs to understand the IT response and to address how 
                         well the model reproduces the energy transport. GITM is run in a 
                         mode with forecastable inputs. It is shown that the model captures 
                         the main features of the energy coupling, but underestimates NO 
                         cooling and auroral heating in high latitudes. Lower thermospheric 
                         forcing at 100 km altitude is important for correct energy balance 
                         of the IT system. We discuss challenges for a physics-based 
                         general forecasting approach in modeling the energy budget of 
                         moderate IT storms caused by HSSs.",
                  doi = "10.1051/swsc/2016013",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2016013",
                 issn = "2115-7251",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "verkhoglyadova_estimation.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}